9/27/2023 0 Comments Nasopharynx auditory tubeFor a right-handed operator, the cat’s head is supported in the left hand, with the index finger and fourth finger on either side of the temporomandibular junction, with the palm supporting the head. In a compliant animal, the soft palate may be palpated and pushed dorsally to identify nasopharyngeal mass lesions, although only a brief examination will be possible. Since pharyngeal disease and ear disease may be associated, the external ear canals should be examined at this stage. This is followed by examination of the external nares and the oral cavity in the conscious animal. Extension of nasal cavity disease into the nasopharynx and vice versa is relatively common and the chapters dealing with these diseases should be read in conjunction.Įvaluation of the pharynx begins with watching the animal’s behavior at rest, listening for abnormal respiratory noises, such as stertor or stridor, and then while eating or drinking. However, the pharynx is a common space and diseases of the nasopharynx may affect all parts of the pharynx. This chapter will deal primarily with the nasopharynx, as many oropharyngeal disorders also affect the oral cavity. Surgical diseases of the oral cavity are described in Chapter 49, the ear in Chapter 50, the larynx in Chapter 52, and the nasal cavity is described in Chapter 54. Adjacent structures include the retropharyngeal and mandibular lymph nodes, the mandibular, sublingual and molar salivary glands, and the hyoid apparatus. Vessels, including the common, internal and external carotid arteries, and nerves, including the glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal, and cervical sympathetic nerves, run in this tissue. The pharynx is surrounded by loose connective tissue, which allows it to dilate when needed. The caudal constrictor muscle is subdivided into the cricopharyngeal and thyropharygeal muscles. These muscles arise from the hard palate, hyoid, and larynx and are known as the rostral, middle, and caudal constrictors. The walls and roof of the pharynx are lined by an elastic mucous membrane, beneath which sit three sets of horseshoe-shaped constrictors, with the muscles on each side meeting the contralateral muscle at a median raphe. Figure 51-1 Diagram showing the regions of the pharynx in the cat.
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